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Top 50 Common Japanese Adjectives To Learn Now

Mei

By Mei
Published on January 22, 2024

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If you want to describe your surroundings or convey your feelings to your Japanese friends, you’ll need to learn some Japanese adjectives.

This means you should study many common Japanese adjectives and learn to use each different type in daily conversations. As a first step, we’ll discuss the different adjective categories in Japanese. 

Are you curious about learning Japanese? If you want to know more, stay on reading!

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What Are The 2 Types Of Japanese Adjectives?

Japanese adjectives are just as essential to learning as Japanese verbs. While describing what you’re doing is one option, there will inevitably come a time when you want to talk about how you feel in Japanese or the weather with your mates. 

There are two primary types of adjectives in Japanese: an “I” adjective and a “na” adjective. However, we will include loanwords often used in Japanese, so it is necessary to know where each one fits.

“Na” Adjectives

This adjective usually ends in い (i) when い (i) is the last spelling in the kanji reading. 

For example, the word 丁寧 (teinei), which means polite in English, ends in “i.” 

In this word, い (i) is part of the pronunciation of the kanji, but we do not add the hiragana letter at the end.

“i” Adjectives

It requires adding an い (i) to the kanji reading. For example, 高い (takai), which means tall in English, also ends in “i.” 

Opposed to the previous adjective, in this case, we do add the hiragana い (i) after the kanji. 

This is called 送り仮名 (okurigana), a phrase that can be translated to kana written after a kanji to complete the entire reading of the word.

Loanword Adjectives

When you see adjectives written in katakana, it’s a word loaned from English, and they’re usually na adjectives. 

For example, ドライ (dorai) is equivalent to “dry” in English.

Let’s see common adjectives in Japanese below!

Japanese Adjectives I Adjectives

Common い – I Adjectives

If you’re looking for a quick way to tell if an adjective is Japanese, go no further than this list of い or i adjectives. “i adjectives” are used often throughout the Japanese lesson since they’re so common in this language.

Therefore, we will cover the most frequent Japanese adjectives here.

Also, before you try writing these words down on your notebook or sticky note, there’s a faster way of learning this vocabulary list. Download the Ling app from the Google Play Store and Apple App Store now, and prepare to be fluent in Japanese soon!

EnglishJapaneseRomanjiSound
HappyうれしいUreshii うれしい
Sad悲しいKanashii 悲しい
Angry怒っているOkotte iru 怒っている
Lonely寂しいSabishii 寂しい
Sick具合が悪いGuai ga warui 具合が悪い
Clever賢いKashikoi 賢い
Annoy苛立たしいIradatashii 苛立たしい
Small小さいChiisai 小さい
Narrow狭いSemai 狭い
Short短いMijikai 短い
Hard硬いKatai 硬い
Soft柔らかいYawarakai 柔らかい
Light軽いKarui 軽い
Cheap安いYasui 安い
Light軽いKarui 軽い
Cheap安いYasui 安い
Busy忙しいIsogashii 忙しい
Rainy雨が多いAme ga ooi 雨が多い
Humid湿っぽいShimeppoi 湿っぽい
Windy風の強いKaze no tsuyoi 風の強い
Sunny明るいAkarui 明るい
Good良いYoi 良い
Tall背が高いSe ga takai 背が高い
Strong強いTsuyoi 強い
Cool涼しいSuzushii 涼しい
Ugly醜いMinikui 醜い
Scary怖いKowai 怖い
Cold冷たいCold 冷たい
Interesting興味深いKyoumibukai 興味深い
Funny面白いOmoshiroi 面白い
Difficult難しいMuzukashii 難しい
Hot暑いAtsui 暑い
Bad悪いWarui 悪い
Dirty汚いKitanai 汚い
Near近いChikai 近い
Low低いHikui 低い
High高いTakai 高い
Japanese Adjectives Common Na Adjectives

Common な – Na Adjectives

You should have fun with “i adjectives” if you figure out that every adjective ending in い (i) belongs in the same list.

But, unfortunately, it’s not always right; some adjectives with a final い (i) are instead “na adjectives.”

Yes, there’s a rule! But also many exceptions that may confuse Japanese learners. Don’t be intimidated; you will get familiar with the practice.

So, to avoid misunderstanding and wrongly performing a structure, let’s look at some commonly used na adjectives.

EnglishJapaneseRomanjiSound
Calm落ち着いたOchitsuita 落ち着いた
Polite丁寧Teinei 丁寧
Honest誠実Seijitsu 誠実
Proud誇りに思うHokori ni omou 誇りに思う
Expensive高価Kouka 高価
Sunny朗らかHogaraka 朗らか
Healthy健康的Kenkouteki 健康的
BeautifulきれいKirei きれい
Kind親切Shinsetsu 親切
Easy簡単Kantan 簡単
CleanきれいKirei きれい
Rich豊かYutaka 豊か
Poor貧乏Binbou 貧乏
Famous有名Yuumei 有名

Adjectives In Japanese Sentence Structure

Let’s show your best command of Japanese grammar by constructing a correct Japanese adjective in the sentence. 

If you’ve been studying Japanese for a while, you’ve probably realized that Japanese verbs and adjectives need to change the word form regarding present or past tense and even a negative form. Similar to when we change the form of English adjectives and verbs.

So, to construct correct Japanese sentences, you must remember and practice forming Japanese words. We’ll give you some examples here.

Conjugation Of な Adjectives

Let’s look at “na adjectives.” Using a na adjective may not need changing the word to fit the tense or negative form. While an example is provided below, practice and memory are still required.

  • He’s a famous opera singer – 彼は有名なオペラ歌手。
    kare wa yuumeina opera kashu
    彼は有名なオペラ歌手

Conjugate with a Japanese noun: 有名な

Present tense: 有名です

Present-negative form: 有名じゃない

Past tense: 有名だった

Past-negative form: 有名じゃ なか っ た

Conjugation Of い Adjectives

I adjectives can be altered by omitting the final hiragana い (i) before being conjugated into a new tense or form.

  • I’m so happy. – 僕はうれしい。
    boku wa ureshii
    僕はうれしい

Present tense: うれしいです

Present-negative form: うれしくない

Past tense: うれしかった

Past-negative form: うれしくなか っ た

Have You Learned More Japanese Adjectives Today?

As you can see, constructing a sentence in Japanese requires basic familiarity with grammatical categories and the ability to modify the form of individual words like na adjectives and i adjectives into past tense and negative forms accordingly. 

Meaning, the sentence construction can be off from what you intended if you can’t compose Japanese adjectives appropriately. 

Knowing a wide range of Japanese adjectives can help you speak with the native much more fluently.

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