Interested in impressing a birthday celebrant? Instead of plainly greeting in English, you can say "Happy birthday" in Japanese as "お 誕生 日 おめでとう ご ざ い ます (pronounced as o tanjoubi omedetou)." This is the most casual way of wishing someone a happy birthday in Japanese. If you are the one who is being greeted by your friends with such a phrase, it would be wise to simply respond with a hearty 誕生日のお祝いありがとう ご ざ い ます (pronounced as tanjoubi no oiwai arigatōgozaimasu) to say thank you. If you are interested to learn more about how you can send a birthday wish in different styles, you've come to the right place!
No matter where you are in the world, it is impossible not to get invited to any birthday celebration may it be for your close friends, family member, or colleague. For many of us, this wonderful day is not just about the symbolism of aging but also a reminder to embrace someone's life and the challenges they overcame. Therefore, sending celebratory phrases makes sense!
So, if you are truly interested in making your close Japanese friend happy and feel special, it would be wise to learn some birthday messages in the Japanese language. Unlike western cultures, though, the Japanese people are quite particular with how they greet someone for their birthdays. For instance, they make sure that their birthday wishes are in line with how they view their relationship with the individual, seniority level, and level of formality.
As most of us know, the Japanese language makes use of the honorific prefix or 敬語 (Keigo) in order to prevent miscommunication or offending someone. For this reason, even their birthday greeting may differ depending on the person they are speaking with. In order to get to know more about why birthday wishing is important in the Japanese culture, continue reading below.
In general, the Japanese people are not as expressive as other nationalities, and several of their local phrases are reserved only for special occasions. However, one special occasion that a lot of young people are excited about is celebrating their birthday party since this is one of the specific times where they get warm greetings from their family, friends, and their special person. For this reason, they will truly appreciate hearing a great birthday wish from a close friend like you!
In addition to saying a happy birthday in Japanese, you might also want to learn a few Japanese traditions, which can make your greetings even more special.
Now that we have an idea of how to celebrate Japanese birthdays let's now draw our attention to the basic greetings.
Aside from greeting someone with a happy birthday in Japanese, there are several details that you must know to properly celebrate this special occasion. After all, every country has its own ways of celebrating an event depending on its traditions, history, and religion. For instance, locals in most Western countries usually throw surprise birthday parties on the day of someone's actual birthday. However, that is not the case for Japanese birthdays. The reason for this is that the locals celebrate it on the New Year! Let's learn more about that below.
As we walked the streets of Tokyo, we asked around and found out that the Japanese do celebrate birthdays too! There are, however, two trains of thought related to this special event. First, many shared that it used to be held in the new year. Therefore, everyone in the country will celebrate only on that specific day! One reason for that is because the Japanese culture provides more emphasis on the idea of aging together (or collective mentality). Add to that is the fact that the New Year's day is very special for them and it is customary to give gifts at this time of the year.
Today, younger Japanese claim that they celebrate their birthdays on the exact day as in most countries. Interesting, right? To this day, many of the parents are veering away from the traditional and are celebrating the birthdays of their children on the exact date. Since this is an intimate event for many, it is expected for them to only be with their close family and friends during this time.
Here's one surprising thing: Did you know that it is only until the 1950s wherein the locals began to celebrate individually? After World War 2, there was a rapid rise in the number of tourists and migrants in Japan. For this reason, the country slowly shifted and adopted foreign traditions too, and that includes the idea of individual birthday celebrations.
In Western countries, birthdays are usually extravagant and are attended by a lot of people. This is not the same as the case in Japan. With simplicity in mind, the locals do not hold big birthday parties or ask restaurants to be closed as a venue. In Japan, it is celebrated with a small group of people at small restaurants or at home. It is very rare to hear celebrants invite others to their party too! If you have colleagues while working in Japan, then they will probably invite you to dine out and they will pay for your meal as a gift.
There is also not much traditional food to be served during birthdays except for cakes and Tai. Tai (鯛) is a sea bream known as the "king of fish" in Japan and is best known to bless someone with good luck in the future. One reason why Tai is served during special events is because of its red skin and syllabic feature. Basically, red is an auspicious color while the final syllable for the word Tai reminds the locals of occasions of "omedetai" nature.
Age is an important part of Japanese culture as reflected by the manner in which they structure their expressions when speaking with someone older or younger than them. This is why the locals usually ask foreigners to do a自己 紹介 (じこしょうかい) or Jikoushoukai. Jikoushoukai is a Japanese word that refers to a brief self-introduction wherein you are expected to say something about your name, age, profession, and country where you are from. Once they know your age, they will adjust their manner of speaking with you.
In the country, there are apparently two ways by which one can count age- Kazoedoshi (数え年) and Mannenrei (満年齢). For the case of kazoedoshi (数え年), this means that you are already 1 year old by the time you are born and you are expected to age on New Year's Day. For mannenrei (満年齢), you will be born at age 0 and will turn 1 on your next actual birthday. This means that mannenrei (満年齢) is the one closest to what many Western countries are used to.
As we know, the first few days after the birth are the riskiest ones for both the mother and the newborn child. For this reason, the locals celebrate Oshichiya (お七夜) which is the celebration for the seventh night after the child is born. During this time, the parents are expected to finally announce the name of their child.
The next celebration to watch out for is for 1-year-old kids. Erabitori (also known as erabi or 選び) is similar to the Chinese fortune game known as zhuazhou and is viewed as an important custom for predicting what the child's future and personality will be. In this event, the parents and family members will lay a varying number of items with symbolic meaning, and whatever the child will choose will determine what will be his/her future strengths and/or weaknesses.
So if your child chooses a calculator or money, then you might have to save up for your future accountant or business person! If she chooses bags, perhaps she will be part of the fashion industry in the years to come!
The next one is the Omiyamairi (お宮参り) or the milestone for reaching the child's first month on Earth. On this day, the kids will be dressed in special clothes called Ubugi (産着) and will be brought to the nearest Shinto shrine. The parents (sometimes along with the extended family members) will have to pray for their child's happiness and health.
After 100 days, the next celebration is known as Okuizome (お食い初め). While the child cannot still munch on solid food that much, the parents will prepare traditional goodies as it symbolizes the parents' wish for the kid to never run out of food in the future. This is basically viewed as the first ever meal of the child and must include one soup and three dishes (一汁三菜). The number of food may go beyond that so long as each has symbolism.
The next one is the Hatsu tanjoubi ( 初誕生日) or the actual first birthday wherein the baby will have one giant pound of Isshou mochi (一生餅). This type of mochi symbolizes that the kid will never starve and it is surprisingly supposed to weigh around 2kg! The kids should either carry it on their back for a short period of time or at least step on it.
The last one is known as the Shichi go san (– 七五三) or the customary Japanese rite of passage for three- and seven-year-old girls, five-year-old and sometimes three-year-old boys. It is annually held on November 15 to celebrate life and wish for longevity.
As for young adults who will turn 20, they will have to go under Seijinshiki (成人式) or the coming-of-age ceremonies. At this time, the celebrants will wear traditional Japanese attire and will receive gifts and souvenirs from their family and friends. More importantly, the government will call upon the celebrants to cast blessings onto them.
Japan is known to have one of the highest life expectancies in the whole world. With this said, it is traditionally important to celebrate particular age points like the following:
Aside from mastering the basic Japanese greetings, learning how to greet someone with a wonderful birthday is a great way to instantly connect with the locals. Who knows, you might end up having a best friend just by simply expressing yourself in their language. Take note of these 4 basic phrases and what they mean.
| English | Japanese | Pronunciation Guide | Context |
| Happy birthday | おたんじょうび おめでとう / お 誕生 日 おめでとう | Otanjoubi omedetou | Casual |
| Happy birthday | おたんじょうび おめでとう ございます | Otanjoubi omedetou gozaimasu | Formal |
| Happy birthday | はっぴーばーすでー | Happi Baasudee / Happy bazde | Casual |
| Happy (age) birthday | ーさい の たんじょび おめでとう | [Number]-sai no tanjoubi omedetou | Casual |
Now that we know what each phrase means, we'd also love to help you give additional birthday wishes.
| English | Japanese | Pronunciation Guide |
| Have a great [birth] day! | すてきなたんじょうびを過ごしてください | Sutekina tanjō biwo sugoshite kudasai |
| May your wishes come true! | おたんじょうびの願いがかないますように! | O tanjō bino negai ga kanaimasu yō ni! |
| Have a nice day! | 素晴らしい一日を | Subarashī tsuitachi o |
| I wish you a wonderful year ahead! | 素晴らしい 一年 に なります よう に | Subarashī ichinen ni narimasu yō ni |
| May all your wishes come true! | あなた の 願いが全て叶いますように | Anata no negai ga subete kanaimasu yō ni |
| Please continue to be happy | これ から も どうぞ おげんき で いて ください | Kore kara mo dōzo o genkide ite kudasai |
| May your future be filled with joy | これ から の じんせい が しあわせ で あふれます よう に | Kore kara no jin sei ga shiawasede afuremasu yō ni |
| Stay healthy | 健康を維持する | Kenkō o iji suru |
It's almost as easy to tell people your birthday in Japanese as it is in English! You just put the day of the month after the month itself. If your birthday was March 4th, for example, you would say: 私の誕生日は3月4日です (pronounced as Watashi no tanjōbi wa 3 tsuki 4-nichidesu)
Now that we have learned all the phrases used in Japan related to birthdays, it is only fitting that we also give you a few Japanese words which you might encounter on traditional Japanese birthdays or when speaking about this topic.
| English | Japanese | Pronunciation Guide |
| Birthday | 誕生日 | Tanjōbi |
| Gift | 贈り物 | Okurimono |
| Cake | ケーキ | Keki |
| Toast | 乾杯 | Kanpai |
| Party | パーティ | Pati |
| Food | 食べ物 | Tabemono |
As we reach this part of the post, we hope that you were able to learn the best ways to wish someone a happy birthday in the Japanese language. If you enjoyed this post and would love to learn more, we highly recommend that you check out the Ling App by Simya Solutions.
The Ling App is a free language learning platform that comes complete with Japanese lessons, games, and learning content that will help you improve your language skills in an instant. By just using the app for 10 minutes a day, you'll get to understand the intricate grammar details, writing system, and word choice which are all critical in expressing a meaningful sentence.
What sets this gamified app from the rest is that all the lessons from the inside are co-authored by real native speakers and language professionals which means that you'll get the best resource right on your mobile device for free. Download it today to start progressing on the right way in Japanese.
