{"id":1015909,"date":"2024-12-03T09:27:39","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T09:27:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/?p=1015909"},"modified":"2024-12-03T09:27:44","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T09:27:44","slug":"alfabeto-punjabi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/ita\/blog\/alfabeto-punjabi\/","title":{"rendered":"Alfabeto Punjabi: La Tua Guida Migliore!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se quando leggi l&#8217;<strong>alfabeto Punjabi<\/strong> l&#8217;unica cosa che riesci a vedere sono lettere a forma di spaghetto senza capire assolutamente nulla, questo articolo \u00e8 perfetto per te!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quando si impara una nuova lingua, l&#8217;alfabeto \u00e8 una parte fondamentale, che non si pu\u00f2 assolutamente saltare&#8230; e questo vale specialmente per un sistema di scrittura complesso come quello Punjabi! Oggi, impareremo insieme i suoni delle lettere (consonanti, vocali, toni) e la pronuncia dell&#8217;alfabeto punjabi, cos\u00ec potrai poi lanciarti in uno studio pi\u00f9 appronfondito della lingua. Iniziamo!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Indice dei contenuti<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#panoramica-dellalfabeto-punjabi\">Panoramica dell&#8217;alfabeto punjabi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#alfabeto-gurmukhi\">Alfabeto Gurmukhi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#caratteristiche-dellalfabeto-gurmukhi-\u0a17\u0a41\u0a30\u0a2e\u0a41\u0a16\u0a40\">Caratteristiche dell&#8217;alfabeto Gurmukhi (\u0a17\u0a41\u0a30\u0a2e\u0a41\u0a16\u0a40)<\/a><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#lettere-gurmukhi-con-un-punto\">Lettere Gurmukhi con un punto<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#la-forma-delle-vocali-gurmukhi\">La forma delle vocali Gurmukhi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#le-vocali-gurmukhi-indipendenti\">Le vocali Gurmukhi indipendenti<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#le-10-vocali-gurmukhi\">Le 10 Vocali Gurmukhi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#consonanti-punjabi\">Consonanti punjabi<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#toni-in-gurmukhi\">Toni in Gurmukhi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#6-fatti-divertenti-sulla-lingua-punjabi\">6 Fatti divertenti sulla lingua punjabi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#il-punjabi-e-davvero-difficile-da-imparare\">Il Punjabi \u00e8 davvero difficile da imparare?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#come-si-dice-alfabeto-in-punjabi\">Come si dice &#8220;alfabeto&#8221; in punjabi?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#domande-frequenti-sullalfabeto-punjabi\">Domande frequenti sull&#8217;alfabeto punjabi<\/a><ul><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#approdondisci-lalfabeto-punjabi-con-ling\">Approdondisci l&#8217;alfabeto punjabi con Ling!<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"panoramica-dellalfabeto-punjabi\"><strong>Panoramica dell&#8217;alfabeto punjabi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una lingua \u00e8 uno strumento di comunicazione che ci permette di trasmettere agli altri i nostri pensieri, sentimenti e conoscenze. Dato che la comunicazione quotidiana avviene sia tramite scrittura che dialogo, imparare l&#8217;alfabeto punjabi \u00e8 fondamentale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anche se impari direttamente come scrivere alcune parole in Punjabi, senza conoscere l&#8217;alfabeto non sarai in grado di pronunciarle correttamente. Se inveci, impari prima a pronunciare correttamente ogni lettera di una parola, saprai anche esprimerti meglio Punjabi (\u0a2a\u0a70\u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a2c\u0a40).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le lettere punjabi sono chiamate <em>Punjabi Varnamala<\/em> (\u0a2a\u0a70\u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a2c\u0a40 \u0a35\u0a30\u0a23\u0a2e\u0a3e\u0a32\u0a3e), e si distinguono in base al sistema di scrittura su cui sono basate:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le lettere punjabi basate sulla scrittura indiana sono note come <strong>Gurmukhi<\/strong> (<em>Gurmukhi Vara\u1e47am\u0101l\u0101<\/em> o\u0a17\u0a41\u0a30\u0a2e\u0a41\u0a16\u0a40 \u0a35\u0a30\u0a23\u0a2e\u0a3e\u0a32\u0a3e)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le lettere punjabi basate sulla scrittura araba sono note come alfabeti <strong>Shahmukhi<\/strong> (\u0634\u0627\u06c1 \u0645\u06a9\u06be\u06cc).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Come in italiano, l&#8217;alfabeto punjabi presenta vocali e consonanti: le <strong>consonanti punjabi<\/strong> sono chiamate <em>Punjabi Vyanjan <\/em>(\u0a2a\u0a70\u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a2c\u0a40 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a05\u0a70\u0a1c\u0a28) e le <strong>vocali punjabi<\/strong> <em>Punjabi Swar <\/em>(\u0a2a\u0a70\u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a2c\u0a40 \u0a38\u0a35).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"alfabeto-gurmukhi\"><strong>Alfabeto Gurmukhi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il <em>sistema di scrittura ufficiale<\/em> della lingua punjabi, noto come scrittura sikh, \u00e8 il Gurmukhi, utilizzato nel Punjab, in India. Il secondo guru dei Sikh, \u201cGuru Angad\u201d, formalizz\u00f2 la scrittura Gurmukhi <em>(\u0a17\u0a41\u0a30\u0a2e\u0a41\u0a16\u0a40)<\/em> intorno al XVI secolo. Infatti, il nome <em>Gurmukhi <\/em>deriva dall&#8217;antica parola punjabi <em>Guramukh<\/em>, che significa \u201cdalla bocca del Guru\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Questo alfabeto si basa sul <a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alfasillabario\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sistema di scrittura abugida<\/a>, che \u00e8 stato creato appositamente per la lingua punjabi, e per altre lingue come il Braj Bhasha, l&#8217;Hindi, il Sanscrito e il Sindhi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;alfabeto punjabi nella scrittura Gurmukhi comprende 35 <em>akhar <\/em>o lettere, oltre a caratteri aggiuntivi per i suoni vocalici. Ecco un elenco delle lettere principali:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Italiano<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Punjabi<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Romanizzazione<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">A<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Aa<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a06<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">I<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a07<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">i<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ee<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a08<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">U<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a09<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">u<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Oo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a0a<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u016b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">E<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a0f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ai<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ai<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">O<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a13<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">o<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Au<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a14<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">au<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">K<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a15<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ka<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Kh<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a16<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">kha<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">G<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a17<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ga<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Gh<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a18<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">gha<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ng<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a19<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u1e45a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a1a<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">cha<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ch<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a1b<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">chha<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">J<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a1c<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ja<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Jh<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a1d<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">jha<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ny<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a1e<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u00f1a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">T<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a1f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u1e6da<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Th<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a20<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u1e6dha<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">D<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a21<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u1e0da<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Dh<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a22<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u1e0dha<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">N<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a23<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u1e47a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">T<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a24<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ta<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Th<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a25<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">tha<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">D<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a26<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">da<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Dh<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a27<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">dha<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">N<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a28<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">na<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">P<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a2a<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">pa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ph<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a2b<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">pha<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">B<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a2c<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ba<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Bh<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a2d<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">bha<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">M<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a2e<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ma<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PS: Se vuoi studiare ogni singola lettera dell&#8217;alfabeto Punjabi con pi\u00f9 calma, scarica subito <a href=\"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/ita\/\">l&#8217;app Ling<\/a>, che ti permette di trascrivere le lettere grazie anche alla tecnologia di tracciamento delle dita!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"caratteristiche-dellalfabeto-gurmukhi-\u0a17\u0a41\u0a30\u0a2e\u0a41\u0a16\u0a40\"><strong>Caratteristiche dell&#8217;alfabeto Gurmukhi (\u0a17\u0a41\u0a30\u0a2e\u0a41\u0a16\u0a40)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La scrittura Gurmukhi presenta queste 4 caratteristiche principali:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ogni lettera \u00e8 colorata<\/strong>: rappresenta un suono diverso e ha una forma e un nome unici.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L&#8217;alfabeto Gurmukhi ha 40 lettere:<\/strong> originariamente aveva solo 35 lettere, ma in seguito ne sono state aggiunte altre cinque per accogliere adeguatamente i diversi suoni. A causa della prevalenza di parole solitarie nel Punjabi, si \u00e8 sviluppata questa necessit\u00e0. Un ulteriore carattere (\u0a32\u0a3c) \u00e8 stato aggiunto pi\u00f9 recentemente.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Il Punjabi \u00e8 una lingua fonetica<\/strong>: quindi \u00e8 possibile imparare simultaneamente i simboli e i suoni della lingua Gurmukhi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L&#8217;alfabeto punjabi \u00e8 un \u201csillabario\u201d:<\/strong> Ogni carattere del sistema di scrittura punjabi corrisponde a una sillaba.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lettere-gurmukhi-con-un-punto\"><strong>Lettere Gurmukhi con un punto<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quando si studia l&#8217;alfabeto Punjabi, \u00e8 fondamentale sapere la distinzione tra le lettere contrassegnate da un punto e quelle semplici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Molti studenti di lingua punjabi non distinguono tra le seguenti lettere: \u0a16, \u0a16\u0a3c, \u0a17, \u0a17\u0a3c e \u0a2b, \u0a2b\u0a3c. Il punto viene utilizzato per distinguere le parole prese in prestito da altre lingue, anche se le loro pronunce sono abbastanza simili.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"punjabi-swar-\u0a2a\u0a70\u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a2c\u0a40-\u0a38\u0a35\"><strong>Punjabi Swar (\u0a2a\u0a70\u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a2c\u0a40 \u0a38\u0a35)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le vocali che compongono l&#8217;alfabeto punjabi sono chiamate <em>Punjabi Swar<\/em>. Il Punjabi ha 10 fonemi vocalici, rispetto ai 7 fonemi della lingua italiana. Per la scrittura delle vocali in Punjabi si segue la linea guida \u201cun segno, un suono\u201d. In poche parole, le vocali punjabi producono un unico suono.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-forma-delle-vocali-gurmukhi\"><strong>La forma delle vocali Gurmukhi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le vocali possono avere due forme: la forma indipendente, che non ha bisogno di una consonante ( <em>Punjabi vyanjan<\/em>), e la forma dipendente, che si collega a una consonante. Tuttavia, le vocali indipendenti e dipendenti sono pronunciate esattamente allo stesso modo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"le-vocali-gurmukhi-indipendenti\"><strong>Le vocali Gurmukhi indipendent<\/strong>i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le vocali possono assumere la forma indipendente in 3 situazioni:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quando la vocale inizia una parola o una sillaba.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quando sono necessari due suoni <em>vocali<\/em> perch\u00e9 una consonante non supporta due <em>vocali<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quando due <em>vocali<\/em> sono articolate in una sillaba in un dittongo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"le-10-vocali-gurmukhi\"><strong>Le 10 Vocali Gurmukhi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ora che sei consapevole delle differenze dei suoni vocalici nell&#8217;alfabeto Punjabi, possiamo iniziare a imparare le 10 vocali (<em>matre) del Gurmukhi<\/em>. In seguito, studieremo le vocali punjabi una ad una, e la loro pronuncia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mukta-\u0a2e\u0a41\u0a15\u0a24\u0a3e\">1. <strong>Mukta: \u0a2e\u0a41\u0a15\u0a24\u0a3e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Mukta <\/em>\u00e8 la forma indipendente della vocale. Poich\u00e9 <em>mukta <\/em>significa letteralmente \u201clibero\u201d, non ha un simbolo. \u00c8 analoga alla lettera \u201ca\u201d in <em>Arco<\/em>. In questo articolo la vocale <em>mukta<\/em> sar\u00e0 rappresentata dalla lettera \/a\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0a05\u0a38 \/as\/ = <strong>As<\/strong>trologia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Italiano<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Punjabi<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Romanizzazione<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Temporaneo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a38\u0a25\u0a3e\u0a08<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Asath\u0101&#8217;\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Straordinario<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a38\u0a27\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a28<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">asadh\u0101rana<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Fallimento<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a38\u0a2b\u0a32\u0a24\u0a3e<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">asaphalat\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cielo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a38\u0a2e\u0a3e\u0a28<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">asam\u0101na<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Effetto<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a38\u0a30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">asara<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Veramente<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a38\u0a32<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">asala<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Originale<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a38\u0a32\u0a40<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">asal\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Realt\u00e0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a38\u0a32\u0a40\u0a05\u0a24<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">asal\u012b&#8217;ata<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Facile<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a38\u0a3e\u0a28<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">as\u0101na<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Assam (stato dell&#8217;India)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a38\u0a3e\u0a2e<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">as\u0101ma<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Benedizione<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a38\u0a40\u0a38<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">as\u012bsa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Principi<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a38\u0a42\u0a32<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">as\u016bla<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Impossibile<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a38\u0a70\u0a2d\u0a35<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">asabhava<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Occupato<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a35\u0a3f\u0a05\u0a38\u0a24<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">vi&#8217;asata<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"kanna-\u0a15\u0a70\u0a28\u0a28\u0a3e\">2.<strong>Kanna: \u0a15\u0a70\u0a28\u0a28\u0a3e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La seconda lettera <em>kanna<\/em> corrisponde alla lettera \u201ca\u201d di <em>padre<\/em>. In questo modulo il segno vocalico <em>kanna<\/em> sar\u00e0 indicato con la lettera \/\u0101\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">English<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Punjabi<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Romanizzazione<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Capitolo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a27\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a07<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Adhi&#8217;\u0101&#8217;i<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Pratica<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a2d\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a38<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">abhi&#8217;\u0101sa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cielo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a06\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a3c<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0101k\u0101\u015ba<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Libero<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a06\u0a1c\u0a3c\u0a3e\u0a26<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0101z\u0101da<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ideale<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a06\u0a26\u0a30\u0a38\u0a3c<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0101dara\u015ba<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Popolazione<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a06\u0a2c\u0a3e\u0a26\u0a40<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0101b\u0101d\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Economico<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a06\u0a30\u0a25\u0a3f\u0a15<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0101rathika<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Critiche<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a06\u0a32\u0a4b\u0a1a\u0a15<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0101l\u014dcaka<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Suono<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a06\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a1c\u0a3c<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0101v\u0101za<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Asia<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a0f\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a40\u0a06<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0113\u015b\u012b&#8217;\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Guadagnato<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a15\u0a2e\u0a3e\u0a07\u0a06<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">kam\u0101&#8217;i&#8217;\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Kenya<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a15\u0a40\u0a28\u0a40\u0a06<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">k\u012bn\u012b&#8217;\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Vergine<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a15\u0a41\u0a06\u0a30\u0a40<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ku&#8217;\u0101r\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Korea<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a15\u0a4b\u0a30\u0a40\u0a06<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">k\u014dr\u012b&#8217;\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Intelligenza<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a16\u0a41\u0a2b\u0a40\u0a06<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">khuph\u012b&#8217;\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ridotto<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a18\u0a1f\u0a3e\u0a07\u0a06<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">gha\u1e6d\u0101&#8217;i&#8217;\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Circondato<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a18\u0a3f\u0a30\u0a3f\u0a06<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ghiri&#8217;\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Corsa<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a1a\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a07\u0a06<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">cal\u0101&#8217;i&#8217;\u0101<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NB: <\/strong>Nell&#8217;alfabeto Punjabi, una <em>vocale<\/em> breve e una <em>vocale<\/em> lunga si trovano sempre insieme nello studio della lingua. Un buon esempio di questa combinazione sono <em>mukta<\/em> e <em>kanna<\/em>, dove <em>mukta<\/em> \u00e8 il segno di vocale pi\u00f9 breve e <em>kanna<\/em> quello pi\u00f9 lungo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sihari-\u0a38\u0a3f\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a40\">3. <strong>Sihari:\u0a38\u0a3f\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a40<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Sihari<\/em> \u00e8 una forma indipendente di vocale e corrisponde alla lettera \u201cI\u201d in <em>pino<\/em>. In questo modulo le vocali <em>sihari<\/em> saranno indicate con una \/i\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Italiano<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Punjabi<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Romanizzazione<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Capitolo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a27\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a07<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Adhi&#8217;\u0101&#8217;i<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Confessione<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a07\u0a15\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ikar\u0101ra<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Insieme<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a07\u0a15\u0a71\u0a20\u0a3e<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ika\u1e6dh\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Da solo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a07\u0a15\u0a71\u0a32\u0a47<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ikal\u0113<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Rifiuto<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a07\u0a28\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">inak\u0101ra<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Essere umano<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a07\u0a28\u0a38\u0a3e\u0a28<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">inas\u0101na<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Giustizia<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a07\u0a28\u0a38\u0a3e\u0a2b<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">inas\u0101pha<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Intenzione<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a07\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a26\u0a3e<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ir\u0101d\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Quartiere <\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a07\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a15\u0a47<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">il\u0101k\u0113<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Oltre a<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a07\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a35\u0a3e<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">il\u0101v\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Scappare <\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a07\u0a38\u0a15\u0a47\u0a2a<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">isak\u0113pa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cliente<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a15\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a07\u0a1f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">kal\u0101&#8217;i\u1e6da<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ridotto<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a18\u0a1f\u0a3e\u0a07\u0a06<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">gha\u1e6d\u0101&#8217;i&#8217;\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Correre<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a1a\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a07\u0a06<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">cal\u0101&#8217;i&#8217;\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Risvegliato<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a1c\u0a17\u0a3e\u0a07\u0a06<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">jag\u0101&#8217;i&#8217;\u0101<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NB:<\/strong> A differenza di altri <em>matra, <\/em>la vocale <em>sihari<\/em> precede la lettera che segue, il che \u00e8 una delle sue caratteristiche distintive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bihari-\u0a2c\u0a3f\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a40\">4. <strong>Bihari: \u0a2c\u0a3f\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a40<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Bihari<\/em> corrisponde alla i lunga \u201cee\u201d che troviamo nell&#8217;inglese <em>seek<\/em>. In questo modulo, il segno della vocale <em>bihari<\/em> sar\u00e0 indicato con la lettera \/\u012b\/. Dai un&#8217;occhiata a come il <em>bihari<\/em> viene utilizzato negli esempi qui sotto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Italiano<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Punjabi<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Romanizzazione<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Leadership<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a17\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a08<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Agav\u0101&#8217;\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Temporaneo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a38\u0a25\u0a3e\u0a08<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">asath\u0101&#8217;\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Scavo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a16\u0a41\u0a26\u0a3e\u0a08<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">khud\u0101&#8217;\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Magico<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a26\u0a42\u0a08<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">j\u0101d\u016b&#8217;\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Luglio<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a1c\u0a41\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a08<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">jul\u0101&#8217;\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Preso in giro<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a28\u0a3f\u0a2d\u0a3e\u0a08<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">nibh\u0101&#8217;\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Diavolo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a2c\u0a41\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a08<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">bur\u0101&#8217;\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Dea<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a2d\u0a32\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a08<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">bhali&#8217;\u0101&#8217;\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Mumbai<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a2e\u0a41\u0a70\u0a2c\u0a08<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">muba&#8217;\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Atteggiamento<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a30\u0a35\u0a71\u0a08\u0a06<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">rava&#8217;\u012b&#8217;\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Appeso<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a32\u0a1f\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a08<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">la\u1e6dak\u0101&#8217;\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Umanit\u00e0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a32\u0a4b\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a08<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">l\u014dk\u0101&#8217;\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Lunghezza<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a32\u0a70\u0a2c\u0a3e\u0a08<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">lab\u0101&#8217;\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Apparire<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a35\u0a3f\u0a16\u0a3e\u0a08<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">vikh\u0101&#8217;\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Bicicletta<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a38\u0a3e\u0a08\u0a15\u0a32<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">s\u0101&#8217;\u012bkala<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aunkar-\u0a14\u0a02\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a30\">5. <strong>Aunkar: \u0a14\u0a02\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a30<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Aunkar<\/em> \u00e8 una forma indipendente di vocale, ed equivale alla \u201cu\u201d in italiano. Questa vocale \u00e8 indicata con il segno \/u\/. Vediamo degli esempi di <em>aunkar<\/em> qui sotto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Italiano<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Punjabi<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Romanizzazione<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Noia<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a09\u0a15\u0a24\u0a3e<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ukat\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Aquila<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a09\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a2c<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">uk\u0101ba<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Altezza<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a09\u0a1a\u0a3e\u0a08<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">uc\u0101&#8217;\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Appropriato<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a09\u0a1a\u0a3f\u0a24<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ucita<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Magnifico<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a09\u0a21\u0a3e\u0a09\u0a23<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">u\u1e0d\u0101&#8217;u\u1e47a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Volo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a09\u0a21\u0a3e\u0a23<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">u\u1e0d\u0101\u1e47a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Attesa<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a09\u0a21\u0a40\u0a15<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">u\u1e0d\u012bka<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Prodotti<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a09\u0a24\u0a2a\u0a3e\u0a26<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">utap\u0101da<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Curioso<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a09\u0a24\u0a38\u0a41\u0a15<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">utasuka<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Scopo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a09\u0a26\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ud\u0113\u015ba<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Disponibile<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a09\u0a2a\u0a2c\u0a32\u0a27<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">upabaladha<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Costruzione<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a09\u0a38\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a40<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">us\u0101r\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Volare<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a09\u0a71\u0a21\u0a26\u0a40<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">u\u1e0dad\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Nord<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a09\u0a71\u0a24\u0a30\u0a40<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">utar\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Correre<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a1a\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a09\u0a23<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">cal\u0101&#8217;u\u1e47a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Indossare<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a2a\u0a3e\u0a09\u0a23\u0a3e<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">p\u0101&#8217;u\u1e47\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Fare <\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a2c\u0a23\u0a3e\u0a09\u0a23<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ba\u1e47\u0101&#8217;u\u1e47a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Portare<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a32\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a09\u0a23<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">li&#8217;\u0101&#8217;u\u1e47a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Migliorare<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a35\u0a27\u0a3e\u0a09\u0a23<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">vadh\u0101&#8217;u\u1e47a<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dulenkarh-\u0a26\u0a41\u0a32\u0a47\u0a28\u0a15\u0a30\u0a39\">6. <strong>Dulenkarh: \u0a26\u0a41\u0a32\u0a47\u0a28\u0a15\u0a30\u0a39<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La vocale <em>dulenkarh<\/em> \u00e8 essenzialmente una U lunga, indicata con la il segno \/oo\/. Si veda l&#8217;uso di <em>dulenkarh<\/em> nell&#8217;esempio seguente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Italiano<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Punjabi<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Romanizzazione<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cammello<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a0a\u0a20<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u016a\u1e6dha<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Energia<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a0a\u0a30\u0a1c\u0a3e<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u016braj\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Mucca<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a17\u0a0a<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ga&#8217;\u016b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Tubo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a1f\u0a3f\u0a0a\u0a2c<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u1e6di&#8217;\u016bba<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Dovere<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a21\u0a3f\u0a0a\u0a1f\u0a40<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u1e0di&#8217;\u016b\u1e6d\u012b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Polvere<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a2a\u0a3e\u0a0a\u0a21\u0a30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">p\u0101&#8217;\u016b\u1e0dara<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Simone<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a2e\u0a0a\u0a28<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u015bama&#8217;\u016bna<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lanv-\u0a32\u0a48\u0a28\u0a35\">7. <strong>Lanv: \u0a32\u0a48\u0a28\u0a35<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Lanv<\/em> corrisponde al dittongo \u201cei\u201d, ed \u00e8 indicata dalla lettera \/e\/. Vedere gli esempi di utilizzo di <em>lanv<\/em> qui sotto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Italiano<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Punjabi<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Romanizzazione<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Agente<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a0f\u0a1c\u0a70\u0a1f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0112ja\u1e6da<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Asia<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a0f\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a40\u0a06<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0113\u015b\u012b&#8217;\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Guidato<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a15\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a0f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">karav\u0101&#8217;\u0113<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Corsa<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a1a\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a0f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">cal\u0101&#8217;\u0113<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Fossette<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a1f\u0a4b\u0a0f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u1e6d\u014d&#8217;\u0113<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Teatro<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a25\u0a40\u0a0f\u0a1f\u0a30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">th\u012b&#8217;\u0113\u1e6dara<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Minacciato<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a27\u0a2e\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a0f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">dhamak\u0101&#8217;\u0113<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ruote<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a2a\u0a39\u0a40\u0a0f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">pah\u012b&#8217;\u0113<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Fossette<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a2c\u0a1f\u0a42\u0a0f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">ba\u1e6d\u016b&#8217;\u0113<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Fidanzato<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a2c\u0a41\u0a06\u0a0f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">bu&#8217;\u0101&#8217;\u0113<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Opinione<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a0f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">r\u0101&#8217;\u0113<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Preso<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a32\u0a0f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">la&#8217;\u0113<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Fluido<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a35\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a0f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">vah\u0101&#8217;\u0113<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dulawan-\u0a26\u0a41\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a35\u0a28\">8. <strong>Dulawan: \u0a26\u0a41\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a35\u0a28<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La <em>matra<\/em>\/ vocale <em>di dulawan, <\/em>corrisponde alla nostra \u201ca\u201d, e sar\u00e0 indicata dalla lettera \/ai\/. Si veda l&#8217;uso di <em>dulawan<\/em> negli esempi seguenti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Italiano<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Punjabi<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Romanizzazione<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Studio<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a05\u0a27\u0a3f\u0a10\u0a28<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Adhi&#8217;aina<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Attori<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a10\u0a15\u0a1f\u0a30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Aika\u1e6dara<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Domenica<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a10\u0a24\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Aitav\u0101ra<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ambulanza<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a10\u0a2c\u0a42\u0a32\u0a38<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Aib\u016blasa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Alpha<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a10\u0a32\u0a2b\u0a3c\u0a3e<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ailaf\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Album<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a10\u0a32\u0a2c\u0a2e<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ailabama<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Estate<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a10\u0a38\u0a1f\u0a47\u0a1f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Aisa\u1e6d\u0113\u1e6da<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"horha-\u0a39\u0a4b\u0a30\u0a39\u0a3e\">9. <strong>Horha: \u0a39\u0a4b\u0a30\u0a39\u0a3e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il suono \u201c\u014d\u201d di \u201corso\u201d in italiano corrisponde all&#8217;<em>horha<\/em>, e sar\u00e0 qui indicata con la lettera \u201co\u201d. Vedere gli esempi di utilizzo dell <em>&#8216;horha<\/em> qui sotto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Italiano<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Punjabi<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Romanizzazione<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Vuoto<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a15\u0a4b\u0a30\u0a3e<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">K\u014dr\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Sacco<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a2c\u0a4b\u0a30\u0a3e<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">B\u014dr\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Struzzo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a2e\u0a4b\u0a30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">M\u014dr<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Stile<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a24\u0a4b\u0a30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">T\u014dr<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ladro<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a1a\u0a4b\u0a30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ch\u014dr<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Rumore<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a38\u0a4b\u0a30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">S\u014dr<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Lacrime<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a32\u0a4b\u0a30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">L\u014dr<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Pi\u00f9<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a39\u0a4b\u0a30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">H\u014dr<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Forza<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a1c\u0a4b\u0a30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">J\u014dr<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"kanaorha-\u0a15\u0a28\u0a4c\u0a30\u0a39\u0a3e\">10. <strong>Kanaorha :\u0a15\u0a28\u0a4c\u0a30\u0a39\u0a3e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Kanaorha<\/em> \u00e8 la stessa lettera \u201co\u201d di omelette, e viene indicata dalla lettera \/au\/. Vedere le parole punjabi che impiegano <em>kanaorha<\/em> negli esempi seguenti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Italiano<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Punjabi<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Romanizzazione<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Difficile<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a14\u0a16\u0a3e<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Aukh\u0101<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">In media<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a14\u0a38\u0a24<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ausata<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Promessa<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a38\u0a4c\u0a02\u0a39<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Saunh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Nazione<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a15\u0a4c\u0a2e<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Kaum<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Pazzo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a2c\u0a4c\u0a32\u0a3e<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Baula<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Chi<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a15\u0a4c\u0a23<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Kaun<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Un cognome o secondo nome comune tra le donne Sikh, che simboleggia una principessa o una leonessa.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0a15\u0a4c\u0a30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Kaur<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"consonanti-punjabi\"><strong>Consonanti punjabi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tutte le consonanti punjabi o <em>Punjabi Vyanjan<\/em> utilizzano la forma dipendente della <em>matra<\/em>\/ vocale. L&#8217;alfabeto punjabi si compone di <strong>30 consonanti aspirate e non aspirate<\/strong>, di cui:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>15 consonanti affricate e occlusive<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 consonanti fricative<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5 consonanti nasali<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4 consonanti liquide<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 consonanti semivocali.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NB: LE consonanti occlusive e le nasali si articolano rispettivamente in labiale, dentale, retroflessa, palatale e velare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alcune parole punjabi prevedono che le consonanti siano scritte in forma congiunta: queste consonanti sono chiamate <em>Punjabi Vyanjan<\/em>. Vediamone alcune con il loro suono in italiano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0a21 (ddad&#8217;daa), una lettera Gurmukhi che si pronuncia \u201cdd\u201d come in daddy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0a2a (pap&#8217;paa), una lettera Gurmukhi pronunciata come \u201cp\u201d, come in papa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0a2c (bab&#8217;baa), lettera Gurmukhi \u201cb\u201d come baby.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0a28 (nan&#8217;naa), lettera gurmukhi \u201cn\u201d come nome.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inoltre, 2 tratti fonetici comuni a tutte le lingue dell&#8217;India settentrionale, di cui la lingua italiana \u00e8 priva, sono:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La discrepanza tra consonanti retroflesse e dentali<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La differenza tra consonanti aspirate\/non aspirate: Le consonanti non aspirate vengono prodotte con poco o nessun respiro, le consonanti aspirate sono accompagnate da una scarica d&#8217;aria udibile.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toni-in-gurmukhi\"><strong>Toni in Gurmukhi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I toni sono una delle caratteristiche distintive del Punjabi e delle lingue dell&#8217;Asia meridionale. A seconda del suono, i toni modificano il significato di una parole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tecnicamente, <a href=\"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/pa\/punjabi-tones\/\"><strong>in Punjabi<\/strong><\/a> esistono tre diversi tipi di <strong>toni<\/strong>: basso, alto e livello. Le lettere tonali si adattano alle lettere \u0a18<em> (gh),<\/em> \u0a1d (<em> jh),<\/em> \u0a22 (<em> dh),<\/em> \u0a27 (<em> dha)<\/em> e<em> \u0a2d (bh)<\/em>. Ci\u00f2 indica che queste lettere hanno un tono alto o basso a seconda che si trovino all&#8217;inizio o alla fine della parola:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sono aspirate e pronunciate con un tono basso quando compaiono nella prima sillaba di una parola.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Assumono un tono alto e non aspirato quando si trovano nella sillaba finale di una parola.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La lettera \u201cp\u201d indica il suono aspirato, mentre la lettera \u201ch\u201d indica il tono.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Alphabet_Punjabi-Alphabet_Ling-App.jpg\" alt=\"Alfabeto Punjabi\" class=\"wp-image-768934\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Alphabet_Punjabi-Alphabet_Ling-App.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ling-app.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Alphabet_Punjabi-Alphabet_Ling-App-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ling-app.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Alphabet_Punjabi-Alphabet_Ling-App-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-fatti-divertenti-sulla-lingua-punjabi\"><strong>6 Fatti divertenti sulla lingua punjabi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ora che abbiamo faticato con le caratteristiche dell&#8217;alfabeto Punjabi, vediamo alcune curiosit\u00e0 sulla lingua:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il Punjabi (\u0a2a\u0a70\u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a2c\u0a40) \u00e8 una lingua indo-ariana<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La lingua Punjabi si parla nello stato del Punjab in India e nella provincia del Punjab in Pakistan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Il Punjabi occidentale \u00e8 parlato da circa 92,7 milioni di persone, principalmente nel Punjab in Pakistan, il Punjabi orientale \u00e8 parlato da circa 32,6 milioni di persone (nel Punjab orientale, in India). Inoltre, il Punjabi \u00e8 parlato in altri Paesi come Kenya, Singapore, Regno Unito, Canada, Stati Uniti, Arabia Saudita e Australia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La parola Punjabi (\u0a2a\u0a70\u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a2c\u0a40) deriva dalla parole persiana <em>Punj (che significa cinque)<\/em> e <em>aab, che <\/em>significa acqua.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Il Chenab, il Jhelum, il Ravi, il Sutlej e il Beas sono i 5 principali fiumi orientali che scorrono nel Punjab.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La lingua Shauraseni dell&#8217;India settentrionale medievale \u00e8 l&#8217;antenato del Punjabi, che \u00e8 emerso come lingua separata nell&#8217;XI secolo.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"il-punjabi-e-davvero-difficile-da-imparare\"><strong>Il Punjabi \u00e8 davvero difficile da imparare?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Non siamo qui per mentire: <strong>si<\/strong>, la lingua punjabi (\u0a2a\u0a70\u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a2c\u0a40) \u00e8 piuttosto difficile da imparare per un madrelingua italiano. Infatti, secondo l&#8217;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/bureaus-offices\/under-secretary-for-management\/foreign-service-institute\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Istituto di Servizi Esteri<\/a> (FSI), il Punjabi \u00e8 classificato come lingua di categoria III. Ci\u00f2 significa che l&#8217;allievo medio impiegher\u00e0 1100 ore per raggiungere la padronanza della lingua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ma la risposta a questa domanda dipende da chi studia la lingua, e da diversi fattori soggettivi, come la motivazione, background linguistico e metodo di studio&#8230; ricorda che nessuna lingua \u00e8 impossibile da imparare, sopratutto se ti avvali di materiale didattico valido, come l&#8217;<a href=\"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/ita\/ling-compagnia\/app-ling\/?_thumbnail_id=994106\">applicazione Ling<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Detto questo, se non hai familiarit\u00e0 con la <strong>lingua Punjabi, <\/strong>inizialmente troverai difficolt\u00e0 con il suo alfabeto e caratteristiche strutturali. Di seguito sono riportate alcuni consigli che accelereranno il tuo apprendimento del Punjabi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Guarda film in punjabi:<\/strong> aiuta a famigliarizzare con la lingua e la pronuncia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Allenati spesso nella conversazione: <\/strong>conversando con persone di madrelingua punjabi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ascolta<\/strong> <strong>musica punjabi: <\/strong>\u00e8 uno dei metodi pi\u00f9 efficaci per imparare una lingua ed immergersi nella sua cultura!<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Segui dei corsi di lingua punjabi su <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=R_Rl8NzZuF0&amp;t=4s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YouTube<\/a>: \u00e8 sicuramente un plus per integrare l&#8217;apprendiemento lingua indo-ariana.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Utilizza risorse linguistiche efficaci<\/strong>: Ci sono molte <a href=\"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/ita\/pa\/duolingo-punjabi\/\">applicazioni per imparare il Punjabi<\/a>, ma la migliore \u00e8 sicuramente <a href=\"ling-app.com\/ita\"><strong>l&#8217;app Ling<\/strong><\/a>, una piattaforma di apprendimento linguistico che aiuta efficacemente nell&#8217;apprendimento di una nuova lingua. Con Ling, impararerai ogni aspetto della lingua: l&#8217;alfabeto punjabi, i generi grammaticali e il loro significato discutendo semplicemente con persone madrelingua!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"come-si-dice-alfabeto-in-punjabi\"><strong>Come si dice &#8220;alfabeto&#8221; in punjabi?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La parola \u201calfabeto\u201din Punjabi si dice <strong><em>varanmaala<\/em><\/strong>, che pronuncia come <em>va-ran-ma-la <\/em>e si scrive <strong>\u0a35\u0a30\u0a23\u0a2e\u0a3e\u0a32\u0a3e<\/strong><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"domande-frequenti-sullalfabeto-punjabi\"><strong>Domande frequenti sull&#8217;alfabeto punjabi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quante-lettere-ci-sono-nellalfabeto-punjabi\"><strong>Quante lettere ci sono nell&#8217;alfabeto Punjabi?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;alfabeto punjabi \u00e8 composto da <strong>40 lettere<\/strong>, di cui 30 consonanti e 10 vocali. Studia la lingua Punjabi dalle sue basi con <a href=\"ling-app.com\/ita\"><strong>l&#8217;app Ling<\/strong><\/a><strong>: <\/strong>inizierai dall&#8217;alfabeto per passare alla pronunica, dialogo, scrittura e studio dei vocaboli!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"qual-e-lalfabeto-punjabi-originale\"><strong>Qual \u00e8 l&#8217;alfabeto punjabi originale?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Il <strong>Gurmukhi<\/strong><\/em> \u00e8 l&#8217;alfabeto punjabi originale. Fu ufficializzato dal secondo guru del Sikhismo: Guru Angad Dev. Egli compil\u00f2 gli inni sacri in alfabeto Gurukhi, che prima di allora non era considerato adatto alla scrittura delle lettere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"che-cose-il-kanna-in-punjabi\"><strong>Che cos&#8217;\u00e8 il Kanna in Punjabi?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Kanna <\/em>in Punjabi \u00e8 il <strong>suono della vocale lunga aa<\/strong>. \u00c8 equivalente al suono della vocale <strong>a<\/strong> in parole inglesi come \u201cmassAge\u201d, \u201cmirAge\u201d, \u201cgarAge\u201d, \u201cfArce\u201d e cos\u00ec via.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/imparare-il-punjabi-ling-app-cultura-punjabi-1.png\" alt=\"Impara il punjabi con Ling!\" class=\"wp-image-1008197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/imparare-il-punjabi-ling-app-cultura-punjabi-1.png 800w, https:\/\/ling-app.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/imparare-il-punjabi-ling-app-cultura-punjabi-1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/ling-app.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/imparare-il-punjabi-ling-app-cultura-punjabi-1-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"approdondisci-lalfabeto-punjabi-con-ling\"><strong>Approdondisci l&#8217;alfabeto punjabi con Ling!<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Questo \u00e8 tutto per il post di oggi! Spero tu abbia capito tutte le caratteristiche dell&#8217;alfabeto punjabi, dalla pronuncia delle lettere, alle regoli grammaticali e al loro significato.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se vuoi davvero iniziare a imparare l&#8217;alfabeto punjabi, prova a usare <a href=\"ling-app.com\/ita\"><strong>l&#8217;app Ling<\/strong><\/a>. Perch\u00e9? Per la sua esclusiva funzione di tracciamento delle dita che ti aiuta ad imparare le lettere non latine scrivendole direttamente sullo schermo, e ricevendo un feedback immediato!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cosa aspetti? Scarica subito l&#8217;app da <strong>Google Playstore<\/strong> o dall&#8217;<strong>App Store<\/strong> e inizia parlare con sicurezza la lingua punjabi&#8230; le prime lezioni sono gratuite!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Se quando leggi l&#8217;alfabeto Punjabi l&#8217;unica cosa che riesci a vedere sono lettere a forma di spaghetto senza capire assolutamente nulla, questo articolo \u00e8 perfetto per te! Quando si impara una nuova lingua, l&#8217;alfabeto \u00e8 una parte fondamentale, che non si pu\u00f2 assolutamente saltare&#8230; e questo vale specialmente per un sistema di scrittura complesso come [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":156,"featured_media":1015914,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[52958],"class_list":["post-1015909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-punjabi"],"acf":{"quick_answer_heading":"Quick Answer","qa_repeater":null},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/ita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1015909","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/ita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/ita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/ita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/156"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/ita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1015909"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/ita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1015909\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1016572,"href":"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/ita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1015909\/revisions\/1016572"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/ita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1015914"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/ita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1015909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ling-app.com\/ita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1015909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}